 |
| Network topology |
Topologies
n Topology
refers to physical or logical arrangement of network
n Structure
of network is called topology
 |
| Network topology |
n Physical
topologies are
q Single Node
q Bus
q Star
q Ring
q Mesh
q Tree
q Hybrid
Single Node Topology
n Single
device, at times device called dumb terminal is connected to the server
Devices operates on files from server and returns them back
after completing task
n Advantages:
q Easy
to install, configure and manage
q Least
expensive
q Single
cable is required
n Disadvantages:
q Network
consists of single device
q Dumb
terminal is dependent on server
Bus topology
n All
devices are connected to a common cable called backbone/trunk
n Operates
in daisy chain fashion
n Medium
is shared that’s why creates collision
 |
| Network topology |
n Advantages:
n Installation
of devices is easy
n Works
better for smaller network
n Less
expensive
n Disadvantages:
n If
backbone breaks, entire network gets down
n Difficult
to isolate problems
n Limited
number of devices can be attached
 |
| Network topology |
Star Topology
n Each
device is connected to a central device called hub through cable
n Data
passes through hub before reaching destination
 |
| star topology |
n Advantages:
n Easy
to install, configure, manage and expand
n Centralized
management
n Addition
or removal of device does not affect the whole network
n Disadvantages:
n Requires
more cable
n Failure
of hub affects entire network
n More
Expensive
 |
| computer network |
Ring Topology
n Devices
are connected in a closed loop
n All
devices have equal access to media
n Device
waits for its turn to transmit
n Most
common type is Token Ring network
 |
| ring topology |
n Advantages:
n Reliable
and offers greater speed
n No
collisions
n Handles
large volume of traffic
n Disadvantages:
n More
cabling is required compared to bus topology
n One
faulty device affects the entire network
n Addition
of devices affect network
Dual Ring Topology
n Consists
of two independent primary and secondary rings
n Secondary
ring is redundant, used only when primary stops functioning
Mesh Topology
n Used
in WANs to interconnect LANs
n Every
device is connected to every other device
n Use
routers to determine the best path of communication
|
| mesh topology |
Full mesh topology – All devices are connected to each
other
Partial mesh topology - Some devices are connected to
only those with whom they exchange most of the data
n Advantages:
q Improves
fault tolerance
q Failure of one link does not affect entire
network
q Centralized
management is not required
n Disadvantages:
q Difficult
to install and manage
q Each
link from one device to other requires individual NIC
q Expensive
Tree Topology
n Combines
the characteristic of linear bus and star topology
n Devices
are wired to root hub
n Twisted
pair cable is commonly used
n Lowest
level devices are smaller computers
 |
| tree topology |
n
Advantages:
n Easy
to expand the network
n Point-to-point
wiring for each device
n Fault
detection is easy
n
Disadvantages:
n Difficult
to configure
n If
backbone breaks, entire network goes down
n More
expensive
Hybrid Topology
n Combines
two or more different physical topologies
n Commonly
Star-Bus or Star-Ring
n Also
known as special topology and useful for corporate offices
 |
| hybrid topology |
n
Advantages:
n Used
for creating larger networks
n Handles
large volume of traffic
n Fault
detection is easy
n
Disadvantages:
n Installation
and configuration is difficult
n More
expensive than other topologies
n More
cabling is required
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