Network Topologies | computer network

Network topology

Topologies

n  Topology refers to physical or logical arrangement of network

n  Structure of network is called topology

Network topology

n  Physical topologies are

q  Single Node

q  Bus

q  Star

q  Ring

q  Mesh

q  Tree

q  Hybrid

Single Node Topology

n  Single device, at times device called dumb terminal is connected to the server

Devices operates on files from server and returns them back after completing task

n  Advantages:

q  Easy to install, configure and manage

q  Least expensive

q  Single cable is required

n  Disadvantages:

q  Network consists of single device

q  Dumb terminal is dependent on server

Bus topology

n  All devices are connected to a common cable called backbone/trunk

n  Operates in daisy chain fashion

n  Medium is shared that’s why creates collision

Network topology

n  Advantages:

n  Installation of devices is easy

n  Works better for smaller network

n  Less expensive

n  Disadvantages:

n  If backbone breaks, entire network gets down

n  Difficult to isolate problems

n  Limited number of devices can be attached

Network topology

Star Topology

n  Each device is connected to a central device called hub through cable

n  Data passes through hub before reaching destination

star topology

n  Advantages:

n  Easy to install, configure, manage and expand

n  Centralized management

n  Addition or removal of device does not affect the whole network

n  Disadvantages:

n  Requires more cable

n  Failure of hub affects entire network

n  More Expensive

computer network

Ring Topology

n  Devices are connected in a closed loop

n  All devices have equal access to media

n  Device waits for its turn to transmit

n  Most common type is Token Ring network

ring topology

n  Advantages:

n  Reliable and offers greater speed

n  No collisions

n  Handles large volume of traffic

n  Disadvantages:

n  More cabling is required compared to bus topology

n  One faulty device affects the entire network

n  Addition of devices affect network

Dual Ring Topology

n  Consists of two independent primary and secondary rings

n  Secondary ring is redundant, used only when primary stops functioning

Mesh Topology

n  Used in WANs to interconnect LANs

n  Every device is connected to every other device

n  Use routers to determine the best path of communication

mesh topology

Full mesh topology – All devices are connected to each other

Partial mesh topology - Some devices are connected to only those with whom they exchange most of the data

n  Advantages:

q  Improves fault tolerance

q   Failure of one link does not affect entire network

q  Centralized management is not required

n  Disadvantages:

q  Difficult to install and manage

q  Each link from one device to other requires individual NIC

q  Expensive

Tree Topology

n  Combines the characteristic of linear bus and star topology

n  Devices are wired to root hub

n  Twisted pair cable is commonly used

n  Lowest level devices are smaller computers

tree topology

n  Advantages:

n  Easy to expand the network

n  Point-to-point wiring for each device

n  Fault detection is easy

n  Disadvantages:

n  Difficult to configure

n  If backbone breaks, entire network goes down

n  More expensive

Hybrid Topology

n  Combines two or more different physical topologies

n  Commonly Star-Bus or Star-Ring

n  Also known as special topology and useful for corporate offices

hybrid topology

n  Advantages:

n  Used for creating larger networks

n  Handles large volume of traffic

n  Fault detection is easy

n  Disadvantages:

n  Installation and configuration is difficult

n  More expensive than other topologies

n  More cabling is required

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